Thursday, August 25, 2016

What does 君子不爲小人之匈匈而易其行 mean?

In "Du's Handbook of Classical Chinese Grammar," the following Chinese sentence and English translation appear, without the Korean pronunciations:
()()()()()()()()()()()()()
“The superior man does not change his behavior because of the clamor of petty people.”
The above sentence appeared as an example sentence in a section of "Du's Handbook" that said the character 爲 (위) was sometimes used to mean "because of," but if that were how 爲 was used here, it seems like an awkward way of writing it, separating 不 (불) from the verb (易 - 역) it negates. Also, where is the translation of 而 (이)? Instead, wouldn't it have been much clearer to write the sentence as follows?
()()()()()()()()()()()()
“The superior man (君子) does not () change () his () behavior () because of () the clamor of petty people (小人之匈匈).”
The 而 (이) in the original sentence was normally used as a conjunction to connect two clauses, so that would suggest 爲 (위) was used as a verb, not as the preposition "because of." In my Korean dictionary, one of the meanings of 爲 is "생각하다," which means "to think [about]," "to give thought to," or "to ponder," therefore, I would like to suggest the following translation:
()()()()()()()()()()()()()
The superior man (君子) does not () give thought to () the clamor of petty men (小人之匈匈) and () change () his () behavior ().
The character 匈 (흉) can mean "clamor," so using it twice either suggests a lot of clamor or helps to clarify the intended meaning.

For context, here is my translation of what seems to be the passage from which the sentence came, thought it is slightly different:
()()()()()()()()()(), ()()()()()()()()()()(), ()()()()()()()()()()()(). ()()()()(). ()()()()(). ()()()()()().
Heaven () does not () give thought to () man’s (人之) dislike of () the cold () and () end () winter (). The earth () does not () give thought to () man’s (人之) dislike of () vast () distances () and () end () vastness (). A superior man (君子) does not () give thought to () the clamor of petty men (小人匈匈) and () then () end () behavior (). Heaven () is () always () systematic (道矣). The earth () is () always () fixed (數矣). [And] the superior man (君子) is () always () himself (體矣).

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