Sunday, November 02, 2008

Why do they call it 단청(丹靑)?



The above picture shows the colorfully painted eaves of a traditional Korean building. Koreans call this type of decoration 단청(丹靑), which literally means "red & blue." 단 means "red," and 청 means "blue." The name comes from the fact that red (which includes orange) and blue (which includes green) are the representative colors used in the painting.

By the way, 단 (丹) is not the only Chinese character that means "red." There are, at least, four others that represent different shades of red. Also, there are, at least, five Chinese characters for blue. Here is a list of the characters that mean "red," starting with the lightest red and progressing to the darkest.

Shades of Red in Chinese Characters

  1. 홍(紅) - pinkish red
  2. 적(赤) - red
  3. 단(丹) - red
  4. 주(朱) - vermilion; cinnabar
  5. 강(絳) - crimson

Shades of Blue (green) in Chinese Characters

  1. 청(靑) - dark blue
  2. 창(蒼) - azure (sky blue)
  3. 벽(碧) - greenish blue
  4. 록(綠) - (grassy) green
  5. 취(翠) - jade green

The Five Cardinal Colors in Korea (오색)

  • 청(靑) - blue
  • 적(赤) - red
  • 황(黃) - yellow
  • 백(백) - white
  • 흑(黑) - black

Colors of the Rainbow

  • red - 빨강색
  • orange - 주황색
  • yellow - 노랑색
  • green - 초록색
  • blue - 파랑색
  • indigo - 남색
  • violet - 보라색

Names of Colors (unfinished) *

  • amber (pumpkin) - 호박색
  • amethyst - 자수정빛
  • apricot - 살구빛
  • aqua (greenish blue) - 녹청색 (more green than blue)
  • aquamarine (light aqua) - 연한 녹청색
  • auburn (redish brown) - 고동색 (적갈색)
  • azure (sky blue) - 하늘색
  • baby blue - 연한 청색
  • black - 흑색; 검은 색
  • blue - 푸른색; 파랑; 청색
  • blue-green (turquoise) - 청녹색 (more blue than green)
  • brass (yellowish copper) - 황동색
  • bronze - (bluish copper) - 청동색
  • brown - 갈색
  • Burgundy - 버건디색; 짙은 홍색
  • cardinal red - 진홍색
  • celadon - 청자색
  • chestnut (maroon) - 밤색; 적갈색
  • cinnabar - 주홍색
  • cinnamon - 육계색
  • copper - 동색; 구릿빛
  • cream - 크림색
  • crimson (ruby red) - 심홍색
  • cyan - 시안색
  • dark (deep) blue - 검푸르다; 암청색 (심청색)
  • dark (deep) green - 암녹색 (심녹색)
  • dark (deep) red - 검붉다; 암홍색; (심홍색)
  • dark yellow - 검누렇다
  • eggplant - 가지색
  • emerald - 선녹색
  • flax - 아마색
  • flesh color - 피부색; 살빛
  • gold - 금색; 황금색
  • green - 녹색
  • grey - 회색
  • indigo (deep blue) - 남색
  • ivory - 상아색 (아이보리)
  • jade - 옥색
  • khaki - 카키색 (황갈색)
  • lavender - 라벤더색
  • maroon (chestnut) - 밤색; 적갈색
  • mauve - 담자색
  • moss green - 이끼 녹색
  • mustard - 겨자색
  • navy blue - 감청색
  • olive - 올리브색
  • orange - 주황색; 오렌지색
  • orchid - 연보랏빛; 난초색
  • peach - 복숭앗빛
  • pink - 분홍색
  • platinum - 백금색
  • pumpkin (amber) - 호박색
  • purple - 자주빛
  • rose - 장밋빛
  • ruby red (crimson) - 심홍색; 홍옥색
  • salmon - 연어 살빛
  • sapphire - 청옥색; 사파이어색
  • saffron - 사프란색 (농황색)
  • silver - 은색; 은빛
  • sky blue - 하늘색
  • turquoise (blue-green) - 청녹색; 터키옥색
  • violet - 보라빛; 제비꽃색
  • white - 하얀색
  • yellow - 노란색; 황색

2 comments:

  1. This is a very good blog post on the Korean language, thank you for posting it.

    Here's a great website to practice newly-learned Korean:

    한국어 wiki browser

    ReplyDelete
  2. (In case you didn't see the other post.)
    It is only natual for slang to develop over time to express feelings in a way that everyone can understand with depth. I'm quite sure that "매우" and "억수로 겁나게" carry different feelings. And besides "겁(이)나게" isn't slang. It means "making fear come up" so much so that it is "fearfully" or "dreadfully" so. From a linguistic standpoint, it is very unusual to hear anyone criticize the use of slang as it is commonly understood to be natural. Besides, the entire concept of "표준어" is flawed. 표준어 is 표준어 because the capital is in the center of Gyeonggido. There is no liguistic basis for what 표준어 ls. If Busan was the capital 부산말 would be 표준어 and everyone would say 댓나 instead of 매우. Slang is okay in my book. Besides, there's no way to control it. Many older Koreans (45+) cannot completely understand conversations among young folks. So don't feel bad, you're not alone.

    ReplyDelete