- 가늘다 [adj] - 1) small; thin, slender; 2) narrow 3) weak; feeble; faint
An irregular ㄹ verb
가늡니다 / 가늘었습니다 / 가늘고 / 가는 / 가는데 / 가느니까 / 가늘더니 / 가늘면 / 가늘어서 / 가늘어야 / 가늘어요
. - 가르다 [v] - 1) cut
; divide 2) separate; sort out; classify 3) share with; divide among 4) cut off; sever; separate
An irregular 르 verb
가릅니다 / 갈랐습니다 / 가르고 / 가르는 / 가르는데 / 가르니까 / 가르더니 / 가르면 / 갈라서 / 갈라야 / 갈라요 / 가르십시오
. - 가볍다 [adj] - 1) light
; not heavy 2) light ; slight 3) rash; thoughtless; frivolous
An irregular ㅂ verb
가볍습니다 / 가벼웠습니다 / 가볍고 / 가벼운 / 가벼운데 / 가벼우니까 / 가볍더니 / 가벼우면 / 가벼워서 / 가벼워야 / 가벼워요
. - 1 거르다 [v] - 1) filter; strain (out); percolate; leach 2) select; choose; pick out
.
2 거르다 [v] - skip (over); go without; dispense with
An irregular 르 verb
거릅니다 / 걸렀습니다 / 거르고 / 거르는 / 거르는데 / 거르니까 / 거르더니 / 거르면 / 걸러서 / 걸러야 / 걸러요 / 거르십시오
. - 걷다 [v] - walk; go on foot; tramp; step; hike
An irregular ㄷ verb
걷습니다 / 걸었습니다 / 걷고 / 걷는 / 걷는데 / 걸으니까 / 걷더니 / 걸으면 / 걸어서 / 걸어야 / 걸어요 / 걸으십시오
. - 1 고르다 [v] - choose; select
2 고르다 [v] - level; smooth; make even
3 고르다 [adj] - 1) even; uniform; equal; regular 2) equal; fair; impartial 3) seasonable; favorable
An irregular 르 verb
고릅니다 / 골랐습니다 / 고르고 / 고르는 (v); 고른 (adj) / 고르는데 (v); 고른데 (adj) / 고르니까 / 고르더니 / 고르면 / 골라서 / 골라야 / 골라요 / 고르십시오 (v)
. - 고맙다 [adj] - 1) grateful; welcome; blessed; appreciated; gracious 2) thankful; appreciative; gratefully acknowledged; obliged; indebted
An irregular ㅂ verb
고맙습니다 / 고마웠습니다 / 고맙고 / 고마운 / 고마운데 / 고마우니까 / 고맙더니 / 고마우면 / 고마워서 / 고마워요
. - 고프다 [adj] - hungry; famished
An irregular 으 verb
고픕니다 / 고팠습니다 / 고프고 / 고픈 / 고픈데 / 고프니까 / 고프더니 / 고프면 / 고파서 / 고파야 / 고파요
. - 곱다 [adj] - 1) beautiful; lovely; fine; nice; handsome 2) sweet
; gentle; pure-minded 3) sweet ; charming; soft 4) fair ; fine
An irregular ㅂ verb
곱습니다 / 고왔습니다 / 곱고 / 고운 / 고우데 / 고우니까 / 곱더니 / 고우면 / 고와서 / 고와야 / 고와요
. - 굽다 [v] - 1) roast
; broil; bake; toast 2) bake (pottery) ; fire; burn ; produce
An irregular ㅂ verb
굽습니다 / 구웠습니다 / 굽고 / 구운 / 굽는데 / 구우니까 / 굽더니 / 구우면 / 구워서 / 구워야 / 구워요 / 구우십시오
. - 그렇다 [adj] - so; such; like that; that way; Yes, No
An irregular ㅎ verb
그렇습니다 / 그랬습니다 / 그렇고 / 그런 / 그런데 / 그러니까 / 그러더니 / 그러면 / 그래서 / 그래야 / 그래요 / 그러십시오*
* 그렇다 is an adjective, so it should not have an imperative form. Therefore, 그러십시오 probably comes from 그러다, which is an abbreviation of 그렇게 하다.
Saturday, March 21, 2009
What are Korea's Irregular Verbs?
The following is the start of a list of Korean irregular verbs and their conjugations. I will build the list and add to it when I have the time.
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Useful. Thanks.
ReplyDeleteNice start, Gerry.
ReplyDeleteAdd a list of verbs following the same pattern and some related words and collocations, and you've got a book. You really should consider teaming up with a Korean faculty member to write Korean language learning materials. The market for integrated skills textbooks is saturated, especially for beginners, and there's a fair number of reading and grammar titles. A very neglected skill is listening. There is nothing for advanced learners, only one 2-volume set for intermediates and two books for beginners. To avoid copyright problems, you'd need either to make up and record original dialogs or record old stories in the public domain.
Another much needed book that would suit your knowledge and interests perfectly is a word study book for intermediate and advanced learners. Awkward word choices are a bigger problem than grammar errors for students working towards proficiency in Korean. Good dictionaries list collocations, but a word study book is different in that it presents words with high utility and appropriate to the students' level.
Good to see you back blogging about the Korean language. I'll stop by again looking for new posts.
sHi,
ReplyDeleteHow do I type in Korean so I can ask some questions? I saw a string one here which discussed "hedull" and I was shocked; it's part of a song I've been trying to understand for years. But, it's easier for me to write in Korean. Let me know.
Thanks
Bebe
to be cold chupda, to be difficult o-ryop-da-, to be hot topda,
ReplyDeleteSee, if I knew how to type in Korean I could help out. LOL
I'm just trying to get a response at this point.
Thanks
Bebe
I have just put the finishing touches on my Korean verb conjugation algorithm. It handles irregulars and is 98.5% accurate against a database of over 8,000 verbs! Check it out here:
ReplyDeletehttp://dongsa.net/index.py/?infinitive=%EA%B3%A0%ED%94%84%EB%8B%A4
Dan,
ReplyDeleteYour work is very impressive and interesting. Thank you for posting the link.
So, among 8,000 Korean verbs, 98.5 percent of them can be congugated with your algorithm, including irregular verbs?
I assume that the 1.5 percent of verbs that cannot be conjugated are irregular verbs that are exceptions to the irregular verb patterns, which would mean that there are 120 "exceptional" irregular verbs among the 8,000 verbs you looked at.
Actually, I am a little surprised that there would be so many "exceptional" irregular verbs. Are you should you included all the irregular verb patterns into your algorithm?
Would you be willing to post the list of 120 verbs that could not be conjugated?
I just added a really detailed post about dongsa.net on my blog: http://dan.bravender.us/2009/6/28/Announcing_dongsa.net.html
ReplyDeleteI think the 120 verbs that it was tripped up on were verbs that were not contracted (my algorithm always contracts if it can) or they were spelled wrong in the spreadsheet. There were also a lot of verbs that were, in my opinion, contracted incorrectly. Most of these ended in 놔 but I'm pretty sure that's a contraction of 놓아 (and not a contraction that I think is valid). Could be wrong about that. It takes a while to get a complete list of failures, but I'll run it tonight and post them all on my site :-).
Dan,
ReplyDelete놔 is a contraction of 놓아, but I think it is an informal contraction. In other words, the 놓다 is not an irregular verb where the ㅎ drops under certain conditions, so I think you should be able to ignore it. I think 놔 is kind of like writing "gonna," "wanna," or "kinda" in English, not something you would want to do in formal written English.
Anyway, thanks for the update.
고맙습니다 Gerry 씨
ReplyDelete